![]() The OSHA lead standard for construction is unique in that it groups tasks ( Appendix V:3-1) that are presumed to be associated with employee exposures above the PEL into three lead-exposure ranges. The employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required.Ĭertain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. When all feasible engineering and work practice controls have been implemented but have proven inadequate to meet the PEL, employers must nonetheless implement these controls and must supplement them with appropriate respiratory protection. As with all OSHA health standards, when the PEL is exceeded, the hierarchy of controls requires employers to institute feasible engineering and work practice controls as the primary means to reduce and maintain employee exposures to levels at or below the PEL. 62) for lead exposure in construction has a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 µg/m 3), measured as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Recommended/feasible engineering controls (e.g., isolation, substitution, change of process, wet methods, local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation) are then discussed for each task or operation, along with work practice controls that are unique to these activities. This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers. General engineering and work practice controls that can be applied to almost any construction activity are addressed under Paragraph II, below. The material in this chapter will help OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals apply their resources to the industrial-hygiene problems associated with lead exposures in the construction industry. The construction activities identified range from those such as abrasive blasting and welding, cutting, and burning, where exposures to lead are often high, to encapsulating lead-based paint or using lead pots, where exposures are generally low. This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. Industrial Robots and Robot System SafetyĮxcavations: Hazard Recognition in Trenching and ShoringĬontrolling Lead Exposures in the Construction Industry: Engineering and Work Practice Controlsįor problems with accessibility in using figures and illustrations in this document, please contact the Office of Science and Technology Assessment at (202) 693-2095. Oil Well Derrick Stability: Guywire Anchor Systems Legionnaire's Disease, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Page for updated information.Ĭontrolling Exposure to Hazardous Drugs, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Page for updated information. Polymer Matrix Materials: Advanced Composites I added new SAVE and Facebook share buttons, which should finally work on all systems and browsers.Technical Equipment: On-site Measurements ![]() Aug.2015: This is a new Flash version, we have removed the old Java version, because it was not working correctly on most browsers anymore. ![]() ![]() I have added a new SYMMETRY slider, so you can have fun with symmetrical kaleidoscopic images. 2019: This is a new Javascript version, we have removed the Flash version as it was not working correctly on most browsers. Ĭheck out new Rebelle - the real watercolor and acrylic paint program, Amberlight - abstract art tool based on particles, or Fluidance motion effect program. If you would like to try the full featured Flame Painter 4, you can download the demo here (for Windows 64-bit), here (for MAC OS) or get it here. It's not easy to explain all brush parameters, so I leave this for your experimentation. When you change the background from black to white, the palette changes from additive to subtractive and the feeling of the painting is very different. You can try it here, change different brush settings and paint your own flame paintings. I think with tools which inspires you, everyone can be an artist. Flame Painter is a unique paint program, it belongs to my 'I am an Artist' experimental project.
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